主谓一致的基本原则，主谓一致

主谓一致的基本原则篇1

　　主谓一致

　　主谓一致指的是主语和位于动词在“数”的方面一定要保持一致，而这种一致关系通常是由下列三种原则支配的

　　一、语法一致：主语是单数形式或不可数名词，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语用复数形式，位于也用复数形式。

　　The library does not open until nine o’clock。The Great Wall draws numbers of tourists every year。The best reward I get from teaching is the joy of seeing my students grow and develop。Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth。二、意义一致原则：主语虽在语法形式上是复数形式，但意义上是单数，谓语动词也要用单数；主语虽在语法形式上不是复数形式，但意义上时复数，谓语动词也要用复数。Cattle are grazing peacefully on the pasture。The police have arrested a lot of suspects。Two miles is a long walk for the 80-year-old man。One thousand dollars is a large sum of money for the couple。Five pounds is enough。Twenty years is a long time on one’s life。三、就近原则：有时谓语动词的形式是和它最近的词（或词组）保持一致的。Neither you nor I am right。Not only the boy but also his parents enjoy playing that game。Twenty percent of students are from Wuhan。Only half of the members agree with him。易出现问题的地方：

　　一、集体名词与以“s”结尾的名词作主语时主谓一致 1.people， cattle， police， poultry， militia， youth等形式上是单数，但意义上时复数，所以谓语用复数。

　　The police are questioning him。People often hear him telling about his experience in the Second World War。The militia are determined to fight the enemy to the finish。2.audience， committee， family， government， group， staff， team， public， class， crew， arm等若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数，若强调成员或个体，谓语动词用复数。His family are proud of him。His family is not very large。The audience burst into thunderous applause。A large audience was watching their performance。某些表示疾病的词，如mumps， arthritis， bronchitis， rickets， diabetes等，以及某些表示游戏的词，如cards， ninepins， darts， bowls， marbles， billiards， chequers等，它们在形式上虽然是复数，但在意义上是单数，因此谓语动词要用单数。Sometimes mumps is rather dangerous。Arthritis is not a kind of infectious disease。Marbles is greatly enjoyed by the children here。Diabetes is a kind of chronic disease。4.某些以-ics 结尾的表示学科的词，如physics， mathematics， economics， politics， linguistics， optics， electronics， acoustics等，形式上是复数形式，但意义上是单数，因此谓语动词要用单数。

　　Some students say physics is much more interesting than mathematics。I don’t think linguistics is difficult to learn。但当这些词不表示“学科”时，有时可当复数用，谓语动词也要用复数。

　　Statistics show that the divorce rate in China is much higher than ten years ago。Politics have never interested her。5.以“s”结尾的国家、组织、机构等虽然形式上是复数，但却表示单数意义，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。

　　Some people say the United States is a large “melting pot”。The United Nations was founded on October 24， 1945.但表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“s”结尾的专有名词常被看成是复数，谓语动词也要用复数。The Niagara Falls attracts tourists from many countries every year。The Rocky Mountains are vast and spectacular。6.某些表示由两部分组成的物体的名词在形式和意义上都是复数如：scissors， pants， trousers， shorts， glasses， spectacles， jeans等，谓语动词也用复数。His glasses were broken this morning。Your trousers are in the wardrobe。另外还有一些常以“s”结尾的词，如：contents， archives， arms， goods， suburbs， stairs， earnings， surroundings， belongings， particulars等也通常被看成是复数，作主语时谓语也用复数形式。

　　The suburbs are more and more seriously polluted。The surroundings are very beautiful。All his belongings are in that big bag。二、表示数量概念的名词（或词组）作主语时主谓一致

　　1.表示时间、距离、价值、重量等的名词或词组作主语时，常把这些数量看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

　　Seven months is needed to translate this book into Chinese。Five hundred miles is a long distance。Where is the ten dollars I gave you yesterday？ 2.“分数或百分数+of„”构成的短语作主语，如果of后面是单数，谓语动词用单数；如果of后面是复数，谓语动词要用复数。Two-thirds of the gasoline has been used。Over forty percent of the employees are women。Ninety percent of the wasteland has been turned into rice fields。Three-fifths of the trees have been cut down。3.“all(half， most， some， the rest， none等）+of„”构成的短语作主语，如果of后面是复数，谓语动词用复数；如果of后面是单数，谓语动词也用单数。All of his energy has been used up。All of the restaurants are closed。Most of the oil is imported from Saudi Arabian。Most of the rubbish has been removed from the playground。4.“lots（plenty， heaps， loads， scads等）+of„”构成的短语作主语时，如果of 后gender是复数，谓语动词也用复数；如果of后跟的是不可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数 Plenty of time has been spent on this experiment。Loads of friends have come to attend his wedding。Scads of money has been wasted in the past 2 years。5.当“many a+名词”或“more than one+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a customer complains about the poor quality of the washing machines。More than one train was delayed。6.“a portion(series， pile， panel， kind， sort， type等)+of+名词”构成的短语作主语，谓语动词用单数（无论名词时单数还是复数）。A portion of the products is being inspected。A series of questions was asked by the students。A pile of reference books is on his desk。7.“a number(或numbers)of +可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语用复数形式，但a great deal（an amount， a quantity)of +不可数名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A large number of workers were dismissed。Numbers of houses were destroyed。A great deal of time has been wasted。但the number of „作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式 The number of students is increasing。8.“an average(或total)of +名词复数”构成的短语作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。An average of 500 students graduate from this school every year。A total of 200 bicycles were sold last month。但the average（或total)of +名词复数作主语时谓语要用单数形式

　　The average of students who graduate from this school every year is 500.9.“a group(crowd， gang， flock， herd)of +可数名词复数”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词既可以单数也可以用复数。

　　A group of people was /were standing under the big tree。A gang of gunmen was/were robbing the jeweler’s。A herd of cows was/were grazing there。三、并列结构作主语时主谓一致

　　1.由and或both„and„连接的并列结构作主语，如果意义为单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果意义为复数，谓语动词就要用复数。

　　Asia， Africa and Latin America make up the third world。Both families and society are responsible for juvenile delinquency。下面由and连接的并列结构表面上是复数，实际上表示复数意义，所以谓语动词要用复数。Chinese and America culture are quite different。What they have said and done are quite disappointing。当each„and each„， every„and every„， no„and no„作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式

　　Each boy and each girl was given an apple。Every teacher and every student was looking at him。No bus and no taxi was found in the street。2.由or， either。。or„， neither„nor„， not only„but also„连接的并列结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。Neither he nor I am able to get there in ten minutes。Not only he but also I am curious about this。Neither her husband nor the doctors have told her about her condition。3.由某些介词或准并列连词连接的短语作主语，谓语动词的形式应与真正的主语保持一致。

　　常见的这类介词有：with， along with， together with， besides， in addition to， except， but， like， including等，准并列连词有：as well as， as much as， no less than， more than， rather than等。

　　Practical experience as well as formal education is considered very important in today’s job market。No one except hi relatives helps him。The bus driver， as much as the passengers， was very impatient。Jack， like many other children， often dreams of travelling in the space。The school， rather than the parents， is mainly responsible for the children’s safety。四、动名词、不定式和短语作主语时主谓一致

　　动名词或不定式短语作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。To err is human。To learn three foreign languages at the same time is very difficult。Smoking is very harmful to one’s health。Walking is the easiest way to exercise。五、名词性从句作主语时主谓一致 名词性从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数

　　Whether you go or not makes no difference to me。It’s quite obvious that they have nor received the letter。How the plan is to be carried out still needs to be discussed。六、there be„ 句型中的主谓一致

　　be 动词的形式由它后面的主语决定，但当be 动词后是并列结构作主语时，遵循就近原则，be动词的形式要与它最近的主语保持一致。There are servants in the house。There is no water on the moon。There are a lot of spectators in the stadium。七、定语从句中的主谓一致

　　定语从句中谓语动词的单、复数形式是由先行词所决定的。That’s the young man who comes to the library every week。Yesterday they visited the palaces which were built 200 years ago。在one of+名词复数+定语从句的句型中，定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，但当one 前有the或the only 时，谓语动词用单数：

　　She is one of the few passengers who were not killed in the crash。This is the only one of the books which is worth reading。

主谓一致的基本原则篇2

　　定语从句专项练习题1.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines， ________ from east to west。Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues。A。running；that B。run；who C。running；who D。run；that 2.This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen。A。when B。where C。that D。on which 3.Mr。Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn， ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A。where B。when C。which D。how 4.The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________。A。that the little girl asks him B。the little girl asks him to C。for the little girl to ask him D。what the little girl asks him 5.—How did you get in touch with the travel agent， Robin？ —Oh， that’s easy。I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided。A。which B。in which C。of which D。whose 6.October 15 th is my birthday， ________ I will never forget。A。when B。that C。what D。which 7.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely。A。when B。where C。which D。whose 8.There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied。A。which B。where C。when D。what 9.I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all。A。which B。what C。that D。when 10.The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside。A。as B。when C。until D。before 11.________ is known to everybody， Taiwan is a part of China。We must unify it。A。It B。As C。Which D。What 12.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched， ________ has a great effect on my life。A。when， which B。that， which C。which， that D。when， that 13.The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store。A。that which B。one that C。that of which D。this of which 14.There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world。A。that B。what C。which D。as 15.The people， ________ had been damaged by the flood， were given help by the Red Cross。A。all whose homes B。all of whose homes C。all their homes D。all of their homes 16.The humans are destroying nature day by day， ________ of course， will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later。A。who B。when C。on which D。which 17.Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year？ A。where B。that C。the one that D。the one where

　　18.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it。A。when B。that C。who D。where 19.The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift。A。that B。as C。which D。and 20.He stayed there for quite a long time， during ________ time he learned much spoken English。A。that B。this C。which D。same 答案与解析：

　　1.A。主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句。2.B。因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与in which相当。3.A。因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引导定语从句。

　　4.B。答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，另外，to后还省略了动词原形paint。5.C。因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。6.D。因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。

　　7.B。因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导定

　　语从句。8.B。因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。

　　9.C。因为当先行词是表示事物的all， little， few， much， anything， everything， nothing等时，多用that引导定语从句。

　　10.因为先行词是the time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨别。11.B。先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一般由as或which引导定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which没有，所以用as。顺便说说，原句改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is„= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is„

　　12.A。两空都是考查定语从句，先行词分别是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched， the day在定语从句中作状语，用when引导；后句是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，要用which。13.A。因为替代不可数名词(the bread)只能用that，排除B和D；又因为先行词that(the bread)在定语从句中作buy的宾语，用which，所以选A。14.D。当定语从句的先行词前有such， so， as等词语时，由as引导，并且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语，as在此题中作dream of的宾语。注意：在表示“如此„以致„”的such /so„that„结构中，that不作任何句子成份。15.B。考查非限制性定语从句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他们所有的房子。16.D。因为先行词是前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，所以用which。of course是插入语。17.D。将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is„显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。18.A。因为先行词是the days，并在定语从句中作状语。19.B。当先行词前有so时，用as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语或宾语。假若在lift后加上it，答案就是that了，请想想这是为什么。

　　20.C。因前后均的句子，必须要选连词，排除B和D；又因在介词后不能用that来引导定语从 主谓一致练习

　　1.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south， the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries。A。are/is B。are/are C。is/are D。are 2.Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____。A。is/years

　　B。are/year old C。is/years old D。are/years of age 3.Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground。A。play

　　B。are playing C。plays D。is playing 4.The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand。A。are

　　B。has C。have

　　D。is 5.Thirty dollars _____ too expensive。A。are

　　B。is C。were

　　D。be 6.The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall。A。is

　　B。are

　　C。was D。has 7.The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now。A。are speaking

　　B。is speaking

　　C。were making a speech D。have a speech 8.“If anybody _____， please put down _____ name，” said the teacher to the monitor。A。wants to buy the book/his B。want to buy the book/their

　　C。will buy the book/one‘s

　　D。wants to have the book bought/her 9.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room。A。are B。is stayed

　　C。is

　　D。are left 10.Having arrived at the station， _____。A。it was found that the train had left

　　B。the train had left

　　C。the train was found left

　　D。he found that the train had left 11.Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”。A。stands

　　B。standing

　　C。which stands D。stand 12.Either of you _____ going there tonight。A。will

　　B。was

　　D。are 13.You as well _____ right。A。I are

　　B。I am

　　C。as I am D。as I are 14.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term。A。are

　　B。is

　　C。were D。was 15.-Shall I wait here for three hours？

　　-Yes。Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor。A。are not very long for you

　　B。is not long enough for you

　　C。was not long enough for you

　　D。will be too long for you 16.Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting。A。have not discussed

　　B。have not been discussed

　　C。has not discussed

　　D。has not been discussed 17.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field。A。what is

　　B。they are

　　C。this

　　D。which are 18.Every student and every teacher _____。A。are going to attend the meeting B。have attended the meeting

　　C。has attended the meeting

　　D。is attended the meeting 19.Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob， and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table。A。was eaten/were

　　B。were eaten/was

　　C。were eaten/were D。was eaten/was 20.This pair of shoes _____。A。is her

　　B。is hers C。are hers

　　D。are her

　　21.There ______ no life on the moon。A。is said to have

　　B。are said to have

　　C。is said to be

　　D。are said to be

　　22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill

　　A。sheep；grass；leaves

　　B。sheeps grasses

　　leaves

　　C。sheep；grass leaf

　　D。sheeps grass leafs

　　23.My family raise a lot of _______， including two______。A。cattles cows

　　B。cows cattle C。cattle cows

　　D。cow， cattles

　　24.What he says and what he does_______。A。does not agree

　　B。do not agree C。does not agree with D。not agree

　　25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys。A。have their own B。has their own C。have her own D。has her own

　　26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children。A。woman， writes B。women write C。women writes

　　D。woman write

　　27.The railway station is ______from our school。A。two hour`s drive

　　B。two hours` drive

　　C。two hour drive

　　D。two hours drive

　　28.Mike and John`s ______。A。father is a teacher

　　B。fathers are teachers

　　C。father are teachers

　　D。fathers are teacher

　　29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless。A。is occurred

　　B。are occurred

　　C。occurs

　　D。occur

　　30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned。A。Either the offices or

　　B。The offices and C。Both the office and

　　D。The office and

　　31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today。A。has finished B。has been finished C。have finished D。have been finished

　　32.More than 60 percent of the world`s radio programmes ______in England。A。is

　　C。are

　　D。be

　　33.______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A。A great deal of

　　B。A great many

　　C。A large number of

　　D。Many

　　34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour。A。is sold out

　　B。are sold out

　　C。was sold out D。were sold out

　　35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar。A。has B。have C。is D。are

　　36.“All ______present and all ______going on well”， our monitor said。A。is is

　　B。are， are

　　C。are is

　　D。is are

　　37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting。A。is

　　D。were。38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China。A。are studying

　　B。have studied C。studies D。study

　　39.The rich______ not always happy。A。are B。is C。will

　　D。may

　　40.______can be done ______done。A。All， have been B。All that ，have been

　　C。All has

　　D。All that ，has been

　　41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous。A。are

　　B。is C。has

　　D。have

　　42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre。A。is searching

　　B。were searching for

　　C。are searching

　　D。was searching for

　　43.Your trousers ______dirty， you must have______ washed。A。is it

　　B。are it

　　C。are them D。is them

　　44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______。A。is years

　　B。are years C。is year

　　D。are year

　　45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected。A。are

　　B。have C。has

　　D。is

　　46.______a good enough price for this book

　　A。Two yuans are

　　B。Two yuan are

　　C。Two yuans is

　　D。Two yuan is

　　47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A。are seen

　　B。is seen

　　C。see

　　D。sees

　　48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A。are used to

　　polluting

　　B。get used to polluting C。is used to ， polluted

　　D。is used to ，being polluted

　　49.Each of the ______in the ship。A。passenger has his own room B。passengers have their own room C。passenger have their own room D。passengers has his own room

　　50.What we need ______good textbooks。A。is

　　C。have

　　D。has

主谓一致的基本原则篇3

　　主谓一致的基本原则 主谓一致有以下三条原则：

　　1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。

　　例如：The students are very young。This picture looks beautiful。

　　2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。

　　1.The people in that country are fighting for independence。

　　2.The crowd deeply respect their leader。 3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time。 3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如：

　　Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy。 Either。。or

　　„

　　2.主谓一致的用法

　　根据以上三条原则，主谓一致有如下用法： 1)下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式 a。表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：

　　1.Two hundred miles is a long distance。 2.Ten dollars is a high price for that book。 b。由anyone，anything，anybody，no one，nothing，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，each，either，neither等不定代词作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。例如： 1.Someone is knocking at the door。

　　2.Anything is better than going to the movie tonight。

　　c。由“a series of，a kind of，a portion of +名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如： A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week。

　　d。由“many a，more than one +单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例如：

　　Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break。

　　There is more than one answer to your question。 e。“名词+and+名词”作主语，表示同一人、同一概念或事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A writer and educator is giving a lecture now。(这个人既是作家又是教育家)A writer and a educator f。“either(neither)+ of +复数名词(或代词)”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

　　1.If either of you takes a vacation now，we will not be able to finish the work。 2.Neither of them wants to come。

　　g。在each„and each„，every„and every„等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

　　Each man and each woman has the right to vote。 h。动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：

　　What I want to say is none of your business。 Listening to the classical music is enjoyable。 i。以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如politics(政治学)，mathematics(数学)，statistics(统计学)，acoustics(声学)，linguistics(语言学)等，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Mathematics is what he majors in。 2)下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。(意义一致)a。由“a11，none，no，most，half，the last，the rest，the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：

　　None of the food is wasted。 None of the students were absent。 The rest of the lecture was dull。

　　The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday。 b。由“lots of，heaps of，loads Of，scads of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：

　　Lots of work is to be done this week。Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon。 There is loads of milk on the farm。

　　There are loads of big red apples on the ground。 There is heaps of fun。

　　c。由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。例如：

　　Three-quarters of the area is cultivated。Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam。

　　3)下列结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。

　　a。由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语，根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人(如the rich，the poor，the blind，the deaf，the sick，the young，the old)，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

　　The blind are taught trades in special schools。(表示一类人)The good in him overweighs the bad。(表示抽象概念)The departed was a good friend of his。(表示个人)b。family，crowd，committee，class，audience，group，government，team，public，majority，minority等集合名词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定。例如：

　　The family like to listen to the music。(the family指这家人，用作复数)The family is small。(the family指这个家庭，用作单数)The committee has considered your proposal。(the committee指委员会，用作单数)The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes。(the committee指委员会的委员们，用作复数)下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般单复数均可。a。以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时，谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如：

　　Five and six make／makes eleven。 Seven times ten are seventy。

　　但是：Twenty from thirty leaves ten。 Six sevens are forty-two。b。由”one in／out of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。例如：

　　One in ten were／was present。 下列结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

　　由and或both„and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时，一般谓语动词用复数形式。例如： A girl and a boy want to go。

　　Both rice and wheat are grown in that country。 6)下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定。

　　a。由as well as，together with，besides， like，along with，with but，except，accompanied by，rather than，including连接两个名词作主语，谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定。例如： The president of the college，together with the deans，is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations。

　　The young mother with her two children is coming now。

　　The plant manager，like many technicians，is experienced in designing new products。 b。“名词+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如：

　　The picture of the children孩子的照片 brings back many memories of my past experiences。 The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful。

　　c。由not only„but also，either„or，neither„nor或or连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。例如：

　　He or you have taken my pen。

　　Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it。

　　One or two days are enough to visit the city。d。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如： There is a garden in front of the house。 There are two things I‘d like to say here。 7)关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法

　　a。由“this／that kind／type of +名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；而由”these／those kind／type of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

　　1.This kind of apples is highly priced。这种 2.Those kind(s)of tests are good。 那些 b。由“a number of，a total of，an average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of，the total of，the average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

　　A number of students are waiting for the bus。 The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly。c。one of，the(only)one of的一致用法 This is one of the books that have been recommended。

　　This is the(only)one of the books that has been recommended。 3.前后呼应的用法

　　1)当everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，everything，anything，something，nothing等用作主语时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。例如：

　　If anybody calls，tell him that I’m out。 Something strange happened，didn‘t it？ Every passenger has to carry his own luggage。 2)人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词I(me)，he(him)，she(her)，it(it)都是代替前面的单数名词，而they(them)，we(us)则是代替复数名词的，you既可以代表单数，也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候，用he或one来表示。例如：

　　If a young person enters a classical music field only for money，he is in the wrong profession。 The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours。

　　3)物主代词与名词的呼应：my，our，his，her，its，their要与代替的名词在数上一致。例如： The welfare department，as well as the other social services，will have its budget cut。 Delphins are warm-blooded；that is，their body temperature always stays about the same，regardless of the surroundings。 4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。

　　Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves。Everybody clings to this illusion about himself。 I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea。 5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词，these和those指代复数名词(those还可以用作先行词，引导定语从句，表示“那些人”)。例如：

　　She invited all those who had been her former colleagues。

　　The amount of the pressure caused by the weight of a column of fluid is determined by the height of this column。

　　6)much和much of后接不可数名词，而many和many of后接可数名词的复数。例如： There is not much coal left。

　　A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake。

　　7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词，有的接不可数名词。接可数名词的有：a number of，a range of，a series of十复数名词；接不可数名词的有：a great deal of，an amount of十不可数名词；既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有：a lot of，a variety of。例如：

　　1.The government attached a great deal of importance to education。

　　2.Quite a number of women applied for this job。 3.The college library has a variety of books。 4.An apple is a variety of fruit。

　　5.A wide range of disorders can affect the human muscular system。

主谓一致的基本原则篇4

　　英语主谓一致的三个原则

　　1.形式一致的原则

　　即单复数形式与谓语要一致。一般说来，当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时，谓语动词就用单数形式；当作主语的名词或代词是复数时，谓语动词就复数形式：如：

　　(1)He likes skating in winter。他喜欢冬天滑冰。(2)They don’t live here。他们不住这里。2.意义一致的原则

　　即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。英语中，有些名词或代词形式上是单数，而意义上可能是复数，这时，谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。如：

　　(1)People there were very glad to see our team win the match。在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。

　　(2)His family were watching TV when I got to his home。我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。(3)Our class are working hard to make ours a good class。我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。

　　3.邻近一致的原则

　　英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。如：

　　(1)There is a desk and five chairs in his room。他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。(2)There are five chairs and a desk in his room。他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。(3)Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there。要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。(4)Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there。是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去？

　　英语主谓一致详解

　　1.代词做主语

　　A。主语是he， she， it， either， neither， each， one， the other， another， anything， anyone， something， someone， somebody， everybody， everyone， everything， nobody， no one， nothing等代词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：

　　(1)Everyone is here。大家都来了。

　　(2)There is something wrong with my bike。没有的单车有点毛病。

　　B。主语是I(除be 动词用am外)， you， we， they代词时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：(1)I like to stay here with you。我喜欢跟你在这儿。(2)They are all soldiers。他们都是战士。

　　C。主语是：who， what， which， all， more， most， some， any， none， the rest， the remainder时，谓语动词的形式须依具体情况而定。如：

　　(1)Who’s the girl over there？ 那边的那个女孩是谁？

　　(2)Who are the boys playing games there？ 在那里做游戏的男孩子是哪些人？(3)What’s this？ 这是什么？(4)What are those？ 哪些是什么？(5)Which is yours？ 哪一个是你的？(6)Which are children’s？ 哪一些是孩子们的？(7)What’s under the tree？ 树下有什么？(8)All is right。一切顺利。

　　(9)All are present。所有人都到齐了。

　　2.名词做主语

　　A。一般说来，不可数名词及可数名词的单数做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1)Water is necessary for living things。水对于生物来说是必须的。(2)The dog is a useful animal。狗是一种有用的动物。

　　B。表示总称意义只能单数形式作复数用的集合名词people 人们， cattle 牛， police，youth年轻人，做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：

　　(1)English people are fond of talking about weather。英国人喜欢谈论天气。(2)Cattle are farmers’ friends。牛是农民的朋友。

　　只能作不可数名词的集体名词如mankind 人类， furniture 家具， clothing 衣服， machinery总称的机械，equipment（设备）等做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

　　(1)The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory。(2)All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong。C。主语是集合名词：army（军队）， audience（观众、听众）， board（委员会）， class， committee（委员会）， crew（全体队员、船员、机组人员等）， family， firm（公司）， government（政府）， group（组、群）， public（公众）， team， staff（全体工作人员）， union（联盟）等时，如果是作为整体的，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：

　　(1)Our class is made up of fifty students。我们班有五十个学生组成。(2)Our class are working very hard。我们班的同学学习都很努力。(3)His team is very strong。他们队很强大。

　　(4)His team are talking with the coach。他们队在跟教练谈话。(5)His family isn’t very large。他家不是一个大家庭。

　　(6)His family are music lovers。他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

　　D。主语是以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时： politics， physics， mathematics（数学）politics（政治学），economics（经济学），谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：

　　(1)Physics is very interesting and useful。物理既很有趣也很有用。

　　(2)The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries。联合国由100多个国家组成。

　　E。主语是两个对称部分组成的事物时：clothes， compasses(圆规)， glasses， trousers， scissors， shoes， socks， gloves，它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修饰时，则谓语动词要用单数形式。

　　(1)The trousers are not expensive。这条裤子不贵。(2)Your socks are over there。你的袜子在那边。

　　F。主语是：goods， arms（武器），clothes（衣服），thanks（感谢）等通常以复数形式出现在句子里的名词时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：

　　(1)All the goods were shipped from America。(2)All the arms you want have been prepared。G。主语是：works（工厂）， series(系列)， means， data(资料数据)， sheep， fish， Japanese， Chinese等其单复数形式相同的名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。如：

　　(1)That Japanese has been to China for twenty times。（这位日本人已来过中国20次了。）(2)Those Japanese are visitors to our university。（那些日本人是到我们大学来参观的客人。）注意：Chinese， Japanese这样的词不仅可做名词，还可和定冠词一起连用，表示“……一类人”，是种集合名词的表达形式。因此，用于后者时，其动词的单复数不能取决于内容，而是一定要用复数。

　　(3)The Japanese are united。日本人很团结。

　　H。主语是：时间、距离、金钱、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如果强调个体则谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这种词有：years， dollars， dozens， miles， length， width等。如：

　　(1)Three years passes quickly。三年很快过去了。

　　(2)Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book。20元不够买这本书。(3)There are twenty dollars on the desk。桌上有20元。

　　I。主语若是书名，剧名、报刊、杂志名称或单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：

　　(1)The Arabian Nights is very interesting。《一千零一夜》很有趣。

　　(2)The New York Times is popular in America。《纽约时报》在美国很受欢迎。J。在算式里，主语是数词时，加法和乘法的谓语动词单复数皆可；而减法和除法的谓语动词一律用单数。如：

　　(1)Three and five is/are eight。三加五等于八。(2)Twelve divided by six is two。十二除以六等于二。

　　K。主语里面有：a lot of， lots of， plenty， half of， part of， most of， a portion of， 分数 / 百分数of +名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照名词的数而确定（一个形容词性词组修饰主语的中心部分）。如：

　　(1)A lot of people have taken part in the activity。很多人参加了这次活动。(2)Lots of water is lost。大量的水被流失了。

　　(3)Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities。(4)Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river。主语是：kind of， type of， pair of， amount of， quantity of + 名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照kind， type， amount， pair， quantity的数而确定。（名词性词组，一般主语就是它，A of B）如：

　　(1)This pair of trousers was made by Master Li。这条裤子是李师傅做的。

　　(2)A large quantity of water in the sea has been polluted。这个海里大量的水被污染了。(3)Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood。大量的庄稼在洪水中被毁坏了。在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than„ of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

　　Many a person has read the novel。许多人都读过这本书。

　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city。百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。L。主语是：the number of + 名词的复数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： The number of students in our class is seventy-eight。我们班的学生数是七十八。主语是：a number of + 名词复数时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：

　　A number of students of our school come from the countryside。我们学校很多学生来自农村。M。主语是：the population时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1)What is the population of your town？ 你们镇的人口多少？

　　(2)The population of America is a little over two hundred million。美国人口数大约是两亿多一点。主语是：分数 + population时，谓语动词常用第三人称复数形式。如：

　　About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers。我们国家大约有百分之八十的人口是农民。

　　N。A)every， each， either， neither， one， no one， somebody， anybody， nobody， everyone， someone， anyone， everyone， something， anything， nothing， everything在句中做限定词限定一个名词时，后面的谓语一律用单数。做限定词加of时，后面的名词或代词都应该用复数，但谓语却用单数。即使有定语从句，其主句、从句谓语仍用单数。(1)Either of them isn‘t going to give up their chance of education。（他们两个都不想放弃受教育的权利。）

　　(2)Each one of us who is now living is destined to witness remarkable scientific discoveries。（现在活着的人一定会见到伟大的科学发现。）

　　B)限定词加名词做主语：all， any， many， more， most， some， none， half，的谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。

　　a)all， any， many， more， most， some修饰单数名词时，谓语为单数；当修饰复数名词谓语为复数。例：All of the world is against wars。（全世界都反对战争。）

　　There is some girl at the telephone who wants to speak to you。（有个女孩打电话来，找你。）b)all， any， many， more， most， some加复数名词时，谓语用复数动词。例：All roads lead to Rome。（条条大路通罗马。）There are scarcely any flies left。（几乎没有什么苍蝇了。）

　　c)all， any， many， more， most， some修饰不可数名词时，谓语用单数动词。

　　例：If there is any trouble， please don’t hesitate to turn to me。（如果有什么困难，请立刻来找我。）More experience is essential for getting a higher position。（要得到更高的职位，重要的是要有更多的经验。）

　　3.两个或两个以上的名词连在一起做主语(一)and， both。。。and 连接名词或代词做主语 A。谓语一般用复数形式。如：

　　(1)Li Lei and Liu Mei are both interested in English。李蕾和魏方都对英语感兴趣。(2)He and she are good friends。他跟她是好朋友。

　　B。and 连接的两个成对的名词，如fork and knife（一套刀叉）， bread and butter（涂黄油的面包片，基本生活所需品）；soda and water（小苏打水）；aim and end(终极目标)等，虽有and 连接，但仍表示单一的概念，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。如：

　　(1)Where is your fork and knife？ 你的刀叉在哪儿？

　　(2)Fish and chips is a popular supper here。炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。(3)The iron and steel industry is very important to our life。钢铁工业于我们生活很重要。

　　C。and 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人， 即： and前的名词前有冠词，而and后面的名词前没有冠词。谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。如：

　　(1)The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school。(2)The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school。D。and所连接的连个名词前分别有： every， each， no， many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：

　　(1)Every hour and every minute is important。每一小时，每一分钟，都很重要。

　　(2)Many a teacher and(many a)student has spoken at the meeting。在会上，很多老师和学生发言。(二)主语是：连接词or， either„or„， neither„nor„， whether„or„， not„but„， not only„but also„等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式须跟与之最接近的名词或代词决定（就近原则）。如：

　　(1)Neither he nor you are to blame。他和你都不应该受责备。(2)Is neither he nor you to blame？ 他和你都不应该受责备吗？(3)Not only the nurses but also the doctor is coming to the meeting。not only A but also B(强调B)= A as well as B(强调A)， not only。。。but also。。。是平行结构，的确采用就近原则，但是，as well as。。。就其本质而言是个短语介词，与其宾语形成完整的介词短语做伴随状语，不影响句子的单复数，所以，不采用就近原则。

　　Not only。。。， but also。。。这个句型用于表示“不仅。。。，而且。。。”也可以用于倒装句型。

　　倒装的时候，not only+倒装，but also+正常语序。

　　(4)Not only did I go to the park ，but also I went to the forbidden City。我不仅去过公园，我也去过北京故宫。

　　(三)主语是：介词in， out of， with， except， besides， without， as well as， no less than， rather than， more than， but， along with， together with， like， including， in addition to等所连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与这些词前面的名词的数保持一致。“主语 + 后置定语”谓语动词只看主语，不看后置定语部分。如：

　　(1)At the meeting， one in four is against the decision。会上由四分之一的人反对这一决议。(2)The teacher with his students is discussing a question。老师和学生们在讨论问题。(3)He as well as I wants to go boating。他和我想去划船。

　　(四)one and a half + 名词复数做主语，即名词超过一，但不满二时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：

　　One and a half oranges is enough for the baby。这个孩子有一个半桔子就够了。

　　(五)many a + 名词单数；more than one + 名词单数；a + 名词单数 + or two等做句子的主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：

　　(1)Many a student is interested in English movies。很多学生对英语电影感兴趣。

　　(2)A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad。一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。(六)one or two +名词复数做句子的主语时，谓语动词第三人称复数形式。如：

　　One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition。在你的作文中发现了一两个拼写错误 4.The + 形容词做主语

　　A。The + 形容词指人做主语时，指具有形容词性质的一个群体，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。如：

　　(1)The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich。过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。(2)The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital。伤员在医院受到了很好的照护。B。The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：(1)The true is to be distinguished from the false。真假必须辨明。5.主语是句子、短语

　　A。主语是非谓语动词短语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：

　　(1)Reading is of much help for learning a language。阅读对学语言很有帮助。

　　(2)To keep on doing morning exercises is good。(= It is good to keep on doing morning exercises。)

　　坚持做早操很有好处。

　　如果主语是两个或以上非谓语动词短语并列出现时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：(1)Reading and speaking is of much help for learning a language。阅读对学语言很有帮助。B。主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，如：

　　(1)Why he was absent yesterday is being questioned。他昨天为什么没来正在询问之中。

　　(2)Where we can get so much money is still a problem。我们到哪里去弄这么多钱还是个问题。但what，who引导的从句做主语时，当指具体的东西或人时，谓语动词的形式必须根据具体的意思而定。如：

　　What I want are these things。Who I am going to meet are Tom and Mike。C。定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。如：

　　(1)The girl who is speaking on the stage is Zhang Li’s sister。在台上讲话的那个女孩是张力的姐姐。

　　(2)The children that are playing games over there are from Guangdong。在那边做游戏的孩子们是广东人。

　　注意：在“one of + 名词复数 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式，但当one前面有the， the very， the less， the only或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，如：

　　(1)Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English。李蕾是英语学得好的学生之一。(2)Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America。艾利斯是唯一的一个来美国的女孩。D。there be结构中be动词的形式由紧接近be后面的名词的形式所决定。如：

　　(1)There is a teacher and seventy students in the classroom。教室里有一个老师和七十个学生。(2)There are seventy students and a teacher in the classroom。教室里有七十个学生和一个老师。

　　如果句子是由here引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。(1)Here is a pen， a few envelopes and some paper for you。E。在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是谁，be动词总是为were的形式。如：

　　(1)If I were a bird， I would fly in the sky freely。要是我是一只鸟，我将自由自在地在天空飞翔。(2)If he were here， I would talk to him face to face。如果他在这里，我将面对面地跟他谈。